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Virtual simulation systems applied to architecture
In the past decade finite element simulation has become a very useful methodological tool in the different science fields. This article offers a specific application of this powerful mechanism used for analyzing the mechanical behaviour of constructive elements in the design phase, prior to the laboratory tests’ stage. The aim of applying this simulation is to minimize the high cost the real scale fabrication of these elements entails.
Simulation model are a powerful design tool which has been used in architecture
for some time now. An example of it can be the scaled models used to analyze,
illustrate or to more clearly show the design of a specific building. This
simulation system offers the possibility of avoiding the need to construct a
real scaled model. A great variety of studies using simulation in these types of
situations have been found
This research focuses on the analysis by finite element simulations (FES) of several construction elements used as interior partitions and made of plaster lightened with cork. The results of the study will allow us to determine the most suitable thickness values and proportions to ensure that the requirements stated by the standards and norms for light partitions are fulfilled. These parameters will later be useful for the final laboratory tests. Two simulation groups have been developed using the ANSYS application: firstly, a partition leaf of 200 × 260 cm is studied exposing it to a superficial load and to an eccentric load following the EUAtc common directives for the technical appreciation of light panels, 1973). Second, the behaviour of a panel with a through opening is tested with the simulation regarding the different hypothesis of the structure deformation supporting and surrounding it. Finally, it is proved that the element of thickness 7 cm and proportions stated at the beginning ensure a good performance regarding strain without producing any visible fissures, and therefore are suitable for a further laboratory test on real models. Presently, the evolution of the simulation systems based on computer programmes permits multiple possible analyses, especially in the construction field, such as:
In addition, the evolution of the Finite Element analysis (FEA), together with the huge increase of computer capacity and speed, it is possible now to carry out larger and more complex models, as well as to simulate a greater number of situations and variables, reaching much closer results to those performed in real life. Therefore, simulations supply a precise knowledge of the model in the early design stages, which can be of great important consequences, since design errors can be foreseen at the initial phases and hence, it will be possible to avoid them. In this way, an adequate procedure to be followed for the design of new constructive elements would imply, prior to the definition of its material, a virtual study in order to analyze its performance. This will lead to the study, not only of the material as a construction element which has to comply with certain characteristics, but also as an element integrated within the constructive system of a building and therefore should comply with the building’s requirement. Pages: 1
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